At Agape Life Sciences, we believe every formula should begin with a simple question: Does it genuinely support the body?
Our products are developed through a thoughtful balance of scientific research, clinical experience, and a commitment to long-term wellness—not trends, marketing hype, or unnecessary complexity.
At Agape Life Sciences, we believe lasting wellness begins with a strong foundation.
Every product starts with extensive research into the ingredients, how they work within the body, and whether they have meaningful evidence supporting their use. We prioritize ingredients with established biological purpose, favorable safety profiles, and research that aligns with our philosophy of supporting long-term health.
Check it out for yourself in our resources in the Research Library below.
Evidence-Informed
Our formulas are built using published scientific research, clinical experience, and an understanding of human physiology.
Transparent by Design
We believe you deserve to know exactly what you're putting into your body. Every ingredient is clearly listed, and we never hide behind proprietary blends.
Purposeful Formulation
Every ingredient earns its place. We include ingredients because they serve a meaningful role, not because they're popular or marketable.
Built for Long-Term Wellness
Rather than focusing on temporary results, we develop products designed to support healthy aging, resilience, recovery, and overall well-being through every season of life.
The Science Behind Our Ingredients
The ingredients we choose are selected because they have a clear biological purpose and a meaningful role within each formula. While every product is different, our commitment remains the same: formulate with intention, communicate honestly, and let the science guide the decisions.
Creatine
Supports cognitive function, muscle strength, exercise performance, and recovery.
Glycine
Promotes recovery, metabolic health, and restorative wellness.
Promote optimal hydration, endurance, and physical performance.
Supports cardiovascular health, cellular integrity, and mitochondrial efficiency.
Helps support lean muscle mass, strength, and recovery.
Agape Renewal was formulated using nutrients with established physiological functions and varying levels of clinical evidence supporting muscle health, cellular energy, recovery, hydration, and healthy aging.
This library includes five key peer-reviewed publications for each active ingredient. Priority was given to:
The strength and scope of the evidence are not identical for every ingredient. Creatine, magnesium, vitamin C, sodium, and potassium have well-established physiological roles and extensive human research. HMB has meaningful evidence related to muscle preservation, particularly in older adults and during periods of inactivity. Research involving glycine and taurine is promising, but some proposed healthy-aging applications remain emerging.
Creatine supports the phosphocreatine system, which helps regenerate adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. The strongest evidence supports improvements in strength and lean mass when creatine is combined with resistance training. Research in older adults also supports potential benefits for physical function, while cognitive and broader healthy-aging applications remain active areas of investigation.
Key References
1. Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;14:18. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z.
PubMed
Why it matters: This comprehensive position statement reviews creatine’s effectiveness, dosing, clinical applications, and safety. It is one of the most frequently cited consensus documents on creatine supplementation.
2. Devries MC, Phillips SM. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults—a meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2014;46(6):1194-1203. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000220.
PubMed
Why it matters: This meta-analysis found that adding creatine to resistance training produced greater improvements in lean tissue, strength, and functional performance than resistance training alone in older adults.
3. Brose A, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA. Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body-composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2003;58(1):11-19. doi:10.1093/gerona/58.1.B11.
PubMed
Why it matters: This landmark randomized trial demonstrated that creatine added to supervised resistance exercise enhanced gains in fat-free mass and several measures of muscular strength in older adults.
4. Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Forbes SC, Fairman CM, Gualano B, Roschel H. Creatine supplementation in aging musculoskeletal health. Endocrine. 2021;72(2):289-299. doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02557-7.
PubMed
Why it matters: This review examines creatine’s potential effects on aging muscle, strength, bone, body composition, and physical performance while appropriately identifying limitations in the evidence.
5. Rawson ES, Venezia AC. Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. Amino Acids. 2011;40(5):1349-1362. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0855-9.
PubMed
Why it matters: This influential review helped expand the discussion of creatine beyond sports performance to aging, daily function, fatigue resistance, and cognitive health.
HMB is a bioactive metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine. It is studied primarily for its effects on muscle protein turnover, lean-mass preservation, recovery, and physical function. The evidence is most relevant to older adults, individuals at risk of muscle loss, and periods of reduced activity or physiological stress.
Key References
1. Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2013;10:6. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-6.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This position statement summarizes HMB’s proposed mechanisms, dosing, safety, muscle effects, and applications in exercise and recovery.
2. Wu H, Xia Y, Jiang J, et al. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2015;61(2):168-175. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.020.
PubMed
Why it matters: This meta-analysis of randomized trials found a modest but statistically significant benefit of HMB supplementation for preservation or gain of muscle mass in older adults.
3. Deutz NEP, Pereira SL, Hays NP, et al. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults. Clinical Nutrition. 2013;32(5):704-712. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.011.
PubMed
Why it matters: This controlled study found that HMB helped preserve lean mass during a short period of bed rest, a model of inactivity-related muscle loss.
4. Wilkinson DJ, Hossain T, Hill DS, et al. Effects of leucine and its metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on human skeletal-muscle protein metabolism. The Journal of Physiology. 2013;591(11):2911-2923. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.253203.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This human mechanistic study directly evaluated muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, helping establish the biological rationale for HMB’s muscle-preserving effects.
5. Oktaviana J, Zanker J, Vogrin S, Duque G. The effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on sarcopenia and frailty in older persons: a systematic review. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2019;23(2):145-150. doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y.
PubMed
Why it matters: This review specifically examined older people with sarcopenia or frailty and concluded that HMB may improve lean mass while helping preserve strength and physical function.
Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid involved in protein synthesis, collagen production, neurotransmission, glutathione synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and endogenous creatine synthesis.
The research library should be transparent that several healthy-aging trials have studied glycine in combination with N-acetylcysteine, known as GlyNAC. Those studies cannot establish that glycine alone produced the reported effects.
Key References
1. Razak MA, Begum PS, Viswanath B, Rajagopal S. Multifarious beneficial effect of nonessential amino acid, glycine: a review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017;2017:1716701. doi:10.1155/2017/1716701.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This broad review summarizes glycine’s biological roles in glutathione synthesis, collagen, metabolic regulation, inflammation, neurological signaling, and cellular protection.
2. Wang W, Wu Z, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Wu G. Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: implications for nutrition and health. Amino Acids. 2013;45(3):463-477. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1.
PubMed
Why it matters: This highly cited review provides a detailed overview of glycine metabolism and explains why endogenous glycine production may not always meet metabolic demand.
3. Bannai M, Kawai N. New therapeutic strategy for amino-acid medicine: glycine improves the quality of sleep. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2012;118(2):145-148. doi:10.1254/jphs.11R04FM.
PubMed
Why it matters: This review summarizes small human studies suggesting that glycine consumed before bedtime may improve subjective sleep quality and next-day function. Larger independent trials are still needed.
4. Sekhar RV, Patel SG, Guthikonda AP, et al. Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011;94(3):847-853. doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.003483.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This metabolic study demonstrated that glycine plus cysteine supplementation restored glutathione synthesis in older adults. Because both precursors were administered, the findings should not be attributed to glycine alone.
5. Kumar P, Liu C, Hsu JW, et al. Supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, physical function, and aging hallmarks: a randomized clinical trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2023;78(1):75-89. doi:10.1093/gerona/glac135.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This randomized trial reported improvements in several physiological outcomes with GlyNAC. It supports glycine’s role as a glutathione precursor but does not demonstrate that glycine alone produces the same effects.
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino sulfonic acid concentrated in excitable tissues, including the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and retina. It participates in osmoregulation, calcium handling, mitochondrial biology, bile-acid conjugation, membrane stabilization, and cellular defense.
Animal longevity findings are compelling, but human evidence that taurine supplementation slows aging or extends lifespan has not been established.
Key References
1. Singh R, Ghosh S, Singh R, et al. Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging. Science. 2023;380(6649):eabn9257. doi:10.1126/science.abn9257.
PubMed | Journal abstract
Why it matters: This landmark paper linked declining taurine concentrations with aging across several species and reported healthspan and lifespan benefits in animal models. The study did not establish an anti-aging effect in humans.
2. Schaffer S, Kim HW. Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics. 2018;26(3):225-241. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2017.251.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This influential review describes taurine’s roles in mitochondrial function, calcium regulation, cytoprotection, muscle biology, and cardiovascular physiology.
3. Schaffer SW, Jong CJ, Ramila KC, Azuma J. Physiological roles of taurine in heart and muscle. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2010;17(Suppl 1):S2. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S2.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This review focuses specifically on taurine’s roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle, including calcium handling, excitation-contraction coupling, and membrane function.
4. Waldron M, Patterson SD, Tallent J, Jeffries O. The effects of an oral taurine dose and supplementation period on endurance-exercise performance in humans: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2018;48(5):1247-1253. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2.
PubMed
Why it matters: This meta-analysis found a small improvement in endurance performance following taurine supplementation, although the included studies were limited and heterogeneous.
5. Zhang M, Bi LF, Fang JH, et al. Beneficial effects of taurine on serum lipids in overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects. Amino Acids. 2004;26(3):267-271. doi:10.1007/s00726-003-0059-z.
PubMed
Why it matters: This randomized study provides direct human evidence that taurine can influence selected metabolic measurements, although the study was relatively small and does not establish broad cardiovascular or longevity benefits.
Magnesium is an essential mineral required for ATP metabolism, neuromuscular function, protein synthesis, glucose regulation, electrolyte balance, and hundreds of enzyme-dependent reactions.
Benefits from supplementation are most likely when intake or magnesium status is inadequate. Magnesium should not be presented as universally improving sleep, cramps, strength, or recovery in magnesium-replete individuals.
Key References
1. de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiological Reviews. 2015;95(1):1-46. doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2014.
PubMed
Why it matters: This authoritative review describes magnesium absorption, regulation, cellular physiology, deficiency, and clinical relevance.
2. Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199-8226. doi:10.3390/nu7095388.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This review provides a clinically accessible summary of magnesium physiology, dietary insufficiency, supplementation, safety, and potential health applications.
3. Veronese N, Berton L, Carraro S, et al. Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014;100(3):974-981. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.080168.
PubMed
Why it matters: This randomized trial found that magnesium supplementation improved selected measures of physical performance in older women, particularly among participants whose dietary intake was below recommended levels.
4. Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Lauretani F, et al. Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;84(2):419-426. doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.2.419.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This large observational study found that serum magnesium was independently associated with several measures of muscle performance. It demonstrates an association, not proof that supplementation improves strength.
5. Wang R, Chen C, Liu W, et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on muscle fitness: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Magnesium Research. 2017;30(4):120-132. doi:10.1684/mrh.2018.0434.
PubMed
Why it matters: This review found that the effect of magnesium supplementation on muscle fitness was inconsistent overall, with possible greater benefit in older adults or people with inadequate magnesium status.
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin and antioxidant. It functions as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, carnitine production, catecholamine synthesis, iron absorption, and several enzymatic processes.
Vitamin C is essential to normal physiology, but that does not mean progressively higher supplemental doses produce progressively greater benefits.
Key References
1. Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211. doi:10.3390/nu9111211.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This widely cited review explains vitamin C’s roles in epithelial barriers, leukocyte function, antioxidant defense, and normal immune physiology.
2. Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, et al. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996;93(8):3704-3709. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3704.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This landmark depletion-repletion study established the nonlinear relationship among oral dose, absorption, plasma concentration, tissue saturation, and urinary excretion.
3. Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004;140(7):533-537. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010.
PubMed
Why it matters: This study further demonstrated that oral vitamin C concentrations are tightly controlled and differ substantially from concentrations achievable through intravenous administration.
4. Murad S, Grove D, Lindberg KA, Reynolds G, Sivarajah A, Pinnell SR. Regulation of collagen synthesis by ascorbic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1981;78(5):2879-2882. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.5.2879.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This landmark mechanistic study helped define vitamin C’s central role in regulating collagen production.
5. Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866. doi:10.3390/nu9080866.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This review summarizes vitamin C’s roles in collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection, wound healing, and normal connective-tissue physiology.
Sodium is an essential extracellular electrolyte involved in fluid balance, plasma volume, nerve transmission, nutrient transport, and muscle contraction.
Its role in Agape Renewal should be framed as supporting normal hydration and electrolyte replacement—not as encouraging a high-sodium diet. Individual sodium requirements vary with dietary intake, perspiration, physical activity, climate, medications, kidney function, and cardiovascular health.
Key References
1. Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: exercise and fluid replacement. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2007;39(2):377-390. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597.
PubMed
Why it matters: This influential position stand explains the roles of water and sodium in maintaining hydration during and after physical activity.
2. Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Fluid and electrolyte loss and replacement in exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1991;9(Suppl 1):117-142. doi:10.1080/02640419108729870.
PubMed
Why it matters: This foundational review describes sweat-related fluid and electrolyte losses and explains why sodium may be important during rehydration.
3. Shirreffs SM, Taylor AJ, Leiper JB, Maughan RJ. Post-exercise rehydration in man: effects of volume consumed and drink sodium content. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1996;28(10):1260-1271. doi:10.1097/00005768-199610000-00009.
PubMed
Why it matters: This controlled human study showed that both beverage volume and sodium concentration influence fluid retention during post-exercise rehydration.
4. Huang L, Trieu K, Yoshimura S, et al. Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2020;368:m315. doi:10.1136/bmj.m315.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This analysis demonstrates why sodium must be discussed in context. Reducing excessive dietary sodium lowers blood pressure, particularly in people with hypertension.
5. Cook NR, Obarzanek E, Cutler JA, et al. Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease: the Trials of Hypertension Prevention follow-up study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009;169(1):32-40. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.523.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This study found that the sodium-to-potassium ratio may be more informative for cardiovascular risk than either nutrient considered in isolation.
Potassium is the principal intracellular cation and is required for membrane potential, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, fluid regulation, and normal cardiovascular physiology.
Supplemental potassium requires appropriate caution in people with kidney disease, adrenal disorders, or medications that reduce potassium excretion.
Key References
1. Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2013;346:f1378. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1378.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This major systematic review concluded that increased potassium intake lowers blood pressure in people with hypertension and may reduce stroke risk.
2. Filippini T, Violi F, D’Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2017;230:127-135. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.048.
PubMed
Why it matters: This meta-analysis found that potassium supplementation generally reduced blood pressure in hypertensive adults, particularly among those with higher sodium intake.
3. Filippini T, Naska A, Kasdagli MI, et al. Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(12):e015719. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.015719.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This analysis examined the dose-response relationship and found stronger blood-pressure effects among people with hypertension and those consuming more sodium.
4. D’Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2011;57(10):1210-1219. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.070.
PubMed
Why it matters: This influential meta-analysis found that higher dietary potassium intake was associated with a lower rate of stroke and potentially lower overall cardiovascular risk.
5. Cook NR, Obarzanek E, Cutler JA, et al. Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease: the Trials of Hypertension Prevention follow-up study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009;169(1):32-40. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.523.
PubMed | Full text
Why it matters: This long-term follow-up supports considering sodium and potassium together rather than treating either electrolyte as independently “good” or “bad.”
The presence of a published study does not prove that every dose, population, formulation, or health claim is equally supported.
When interpreting this library, readers should recognize that:
Agape Life Sciences is committed to distinguishing established nutritional science from promising but still emerging research.
This research library is provided for general educational purposes. It does not establish that Agape Renewal will reproduce the outcomes observed in any individual study.
Agape Renewal is not intended to replace medical care, a balanced diet, adequate dietary protein, physical activity, or prescribed treatment.
Individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, have kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, electrolyte disorders, or another medical condition, or who take prescription medications should consult a qualified healthcare professional before using a dietary supplement.
These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Science is constantly evolving, and so is our understanding of nutrition and human health.
Some ingredients are supported by decades of research. Others continue to show promising new evidence. At Agape Life Sciences, we're committed to following that science with humility, communicating honestly about what is known today, and continuing to learn as new research emerges.
Our responsibility isn't to overpromise.
It's to formulate with integrity, educate with transparency, and create products that support long-term wellness.
